Week 5 - Karl Jung (1875-1961)

Jung at his desk

Jung continues to influence psychologists today with his theories about archetypes, religious experience, and the unconscious.

Psychological Types

There is a predominance of introversion or extroversion in a person (Jung 1959: 184)

Difficult for the individual to determine because of compensation, leading to secondary types

Extroversion

Thinking is “oriented by the object and objective data” (ibid. 201)
- Thinking has two sources: subjective and unconscious roots, and data from the senses
Sensation “conditioned by the object” (ibid. 210)
“Intuition as the function of unconscious perception is wholly directed upon the outer objects in extraverted attitude” (ibid. 211)

Introversion

Governed by “subjective factors” (ibid. 216)
“the introvert interposes a subjective view between the perception of the object and his own action, which prevents the action from assuming a character that corresponds with the objective situation” and “selects the subjective determinants as the decisive ones” (ibid. 216)
Thinking is “primarily oriented by the subjective factor” (ibid. 223)
Feeling “continually seeking an image which has no existence in reality, but of which it has had a sort of pervious vision” (ibid. 227)
Sensation: “besides the object sensed there stands a sensing subject, who contributes his subjective disposition to the objective stimulus” (ibid. 231)
Intuition is “directed to the “inner object, a term we might justly apply to the elements of the unconscious” (ibid. 233)
- “The unconscious functions are in an archaic, animal state. The symbolic appearances in dreams and fantasies usually represented the battle or coming encounter of two animals or monsters” (ibid. 240)

Archetypes and the Collective Unconsciousness

Freud’s concept is “nothing but the gathering place of forgotten and repressed contents”
- It is “of an exclusively personal nature,” even if he recognized archaic and mythological thought
Superficial layer of it is “personal unconscious,” which rests on a deeper layer called the “collective unconsciousness”